Impact indicator

ABSTRACT

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device and technique for impact detection includes an impact indicator having a housing enclosing a detection assembly where the detection assembly is configured to detect an acceleration event. A module is configured to output data indicative of an activation state of the detection assembly. The indicator also includes logic configured to blockchain the data output by the module.

BACKGROUND

During manufacturing, storage or transit, many types of objects need tobe monitored due to the sensitivity or fragility of the objects. Forexample, some types of objects may be susceptible to damage if droppedor a significant impact is received. Thus, for quality control purposesand/or the general monitoring of transportation conditions, it isdesirable to determine and/or verify the environmental conditions towhich the object has been exposed.

BRIEF SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device andtechnique for impact detection is disclosed. The impact indicatorincludes a housing enclosing a detection assembly where the detectionassembly is configured to detect an acceleration event. A module isconfigured to output data indicative of an activation state of thedetection assembly. The indicator also includes logic configured toblockchain the data output by the module.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an impactindicator includes a housing enclosing a detection assembly where thedetection assembly is configured to detect an acceleration event. Amodule is configured to output data indicative of an activation state ofthe detection assembly. The indicator also includes logic configured toencrypt data output by the indicator.

According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, an impactindicator includes a housing enclosing a detection assembly configuredto detect an acceleration event. The indicator also includes switchcircuitry and a radio-frequency identification (RFID) module coupled tothe switch circuitry. Responsive to detecting the acceleration event,the detection assembly causes a change in the switch circuitry, andwherein the RFID module is configured to output data based on a state ofthe switch circuitry to indicate detection of the acceleration event.The indicator also includes logic configured to blockchain the dataoutput by the indicator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present application, theobjects and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the followingdescriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating respective front and rearviews of an embodiment of an impact indicator according to the presentdisclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating respective front and rearviews of the impact indicator of FIGS. 1A and 1B in an activated stateaccording to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIG. 2B in accordance with the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIG. 3A in accordance with the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4A is another diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion ofthe impact indicator of FIGS. 1A and 1B in an activated state accordingto the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIG. 4A in accordance with the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an impactindicator according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIG. 5A in accordance with the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B in an activated state inaccordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B in another activatedstate in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator illustrated in FIG. 7A in accordance with the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an impactindicator according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a perspective rear view of a portion ofan embodiment of the impact indicator of FIG. 8 according with thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a section view of an embodiment of theimpact indicator of FIG. 9 according to the present disclosure takenalong the line 10-10 in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of theimpact indicator depicted in FIG. 10 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an impactindicator in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a bottom view of the impact indicatorof FIG. 12 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosureviewed from the line 13-13 in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a side view of the impact indicatordepicted in FIG. 12 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure viewed from the line 14-14 of FIG. 12;

FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating a portion of the impactindicator depicted in FIGS. 12-14 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an impactindicator in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a bottom view of the impact indicatorof FIG. 16 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosureviewed from the line 17-17 in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a section view of the impact indicatordepicted in FIG. 16 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure taken along the line 18-18 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an impactindicator in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of an impactindicator in accordance with the present disclosure; and

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a portion of the impact indicatordepicted in FIG. 20 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device and technique forimpact detection and indication. According to one embodiment, an impactindicator includes a housing enclosing a detection assembly configuredto detect an acceleration event. The indicator also includes switchcircuitry and a radio-frequency identification (RFID) module coupled tothe switch circuitry. Responsive to detecting the acceleration event,the detection assembly causes a change in the switch circuitry, whereinthe change in the switch circuitry causes a change in a value output bythe RFID module when activated. The indicator also includes logicconfigured to blockchain data output by the indicator. Embodiments ofthe present disclosure enable impact and/or acceleration event detectionusing little or no internal power supply. For example, in someembodiments, a mechanical-based switch mechanism closes or opens switchcircuitry in response to detecting an impact or acceleration event. TheRFID module can detect the state of the switch circuitry and emit oroutput a particular value based on whether the switch circuitry is in aclosed or open condition. Thus, an RFID reader can be used to activatethe RFID module and determine an activation status of the impactindicator device. The indicator is also configured to blockchain,encrypt, and/or digitally sign data output by the indicator to providevarious levels of data security and prevent unauthorized data tamperingor manipulation.

With reference now to the Figures and in particular with reference toFIGS. 1A and 1B, exemplary diagrams of an impact indicator 10 areprovided in which illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure maybe implemented. FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a front view of impactindicator 10, and FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a rear view ofimpact indicator 10. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, indicator 10 is a portabledevice configured to be affixed to or disposed within a transportcontainer containing an object of which impact and/or accelerationevents associated therewith are to be monitored. Embodiments of impactindicator 10 monitor whether an object has been exposed to an impact orsome level of an acceleration event during manufacturing, storage and/ortransport of the object. In some embodiments, impact indicator 10 may beaffixed to a transport container using, for example, adhesive materials,permanent or temporary fasteners, or a variety of different types ofattachment devices. The transport container may include a container inwhich a monitored object is loosely placed or may comprise a containerof the monitored object itself. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1Aand 1B are only exemplary and are not intended to assert or imply anylimitation with regard to the environments in which differentembodiments may be implemented.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, impact indicator 10comprises a housing 12 having a detection assembly 14 disposed therein.In the illustrated embodiment, detection assembly 14 is configured todetect and indicate impact or acceleration events in either of twodifferent directions, indicated by direction 16 or direction 18 relativeto indicator 10 in FIG. 1B (i.e., in direction 16/18 or at an anglethereto having a directional vector component in a correspondingdirection 16/18). However, it should be understood that assembly 14 maybe configured for detecting/indicating an impact event corresponding toa single direction (as will be described further below). Further, itshould be understood that additional detection assemblies 14 may beincluded in indicator 10 to provide impact detection/indication inadditional directions.

In some embodiments, housing 12 is configured and/or constructed from aclear or semi-opaque material having a masking label 20 located on afront side thereof or affixed thereto (FIG. 1A). In some embodiments,masking label 20 is configured having one or more apertures or “windows”22 for providing a visual indication of impact detection. For example,as will be described further below, in response to indicator 10 beingsubjected to or receiving some predetermined level of impact oracceleration event, detection assembly 14 causes a visual indication tobe displayed within or through one or more of windows 22 to provide avisual indication that the monitored object has or may have beensubjected to some level of impact. However, it should be understood thatother methods may be used to provide a visual indication that detectionassembly 14 has moved and/or been otherwise placed into an activatedstate indicating that indicator 10 has experienced a shock, impact oracceleration event. It should also be understood that housing 12 may beconfigured and/or manufactured from other materials (e.g., opaquematerials having one or more windows 22 formed therein). In someembodiments, housing 12 may be configured without window 22. Forexample, as will be described in greater detail below, indicator 10 maybe configured to provide visual and/or non-visual indications of whetheran impact or acceleration condition has been experienced by indicator 10(e.g., via the use of RFID signals).

Referring to FIG. 1B, detection assembly 14 is illustrated in anon-activated or initial pre-detection state (i.e., prior to beingsubjected to an acceleration event). In the illustrated embodiment,detection assembly 14 comprises a weight or mass member 30 and springmembers 40 and 42. Housing 12 comprises sidewalls 46 and 48 located onopposite sides of mass member 30. Sidewalls 46 and 48 form a translationpath to enable movement of mass member 30 within housing 12 in responseto housing 12 or indicator 10 being subjected to an acceleration event.For example, in FIG. 1B, mass member 30 is located in a non-activatedposition 50 within housing 12. Additionally, referring to FIG. 1A, amedial surface portion 52 of mass member 30 is located within and/or isotherwise visible within window 22.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1B, spring members 40 and 42 biasmass member 30 to the non-activated position 50 in the pre-detectionstate of indicator 10. For example, in the illustrated embodiment,spring members 40 and 42 comprise leaf springs 56 and 58, respectively;however, it should be understood that other types of biasing elementsmay be used. In FIG. 1B, sidewall 46 has formed therein recesses orseats 62 and 64 for holding respective ends 68 and 70 of leaf springs 56and 58. Sidewall 48 has formed therein recesses or seats 74 and 76 forholding respective ends 80 and 82 of leaf springs 56 and 58. Leafsprings 56 and 58 are formed having a length greater than a width ofmass member 30 (e.g., as measured in a direction from sidewall 46 tosidewall 48). The ends 68 and 80 of leaf spring 56 are located inrespective seats 62 and 74 such that leaf spring 56 is positioned in anorientation transverse to the movement path of mass member 30. The ends70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 are located in respective seats 64 and 76such that leaf spring 58 is positioned in an orientation transverse tothe movement path of mass member 30. For example, the translation pathformed by sidewalls 46 and 48 enables movement of mass member 30 in thedirections indicated by 16 and 18.

Ends 68 and 80 of leaf spring 56 are located in seats 62 and 80, andends 70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 are located in respective seats 64 and76, such that leaf springs 56 and 58 have convex surfaces facing eachother. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, leaf springs 56 and 58 arebiased towards each other. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1B,leaf springs 56 and 58 each extend laterally across a medial portion ofmass member 30 between opposing arcuately formed walls 88 and 90 of massmember 30. Leaf springs 56 and 58 are biased toward each other andsupport mass 30 in the non-activated position 50 (e.g., leaf springs 56and 58 contact and support respective walls 88 and 90 of mass member 30to retain mass member 30 in the non-activated position 50). It should beunderstood that mass member 30 may be otherwise formed and/or springmembers 40 and 42 may be otherwise configured and/or positioned relativeto mass member 30 to retain and/or bias mass member 30 to thenon-activated position 50.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating respective front and rearviews of indicator 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B in an activatedstate. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, indicator 10and/or housing 12 has been subjected to an impact and/or accelerationevent in a direction corresponding to direction 16 of a level and/ormagnitude to overcome the bias force of spring members 40 and 42 andthereby cause mass member 30 to move from non-activated position 50 toan activated position 96. In response to the acceleration event, leafspring 56 inverts and a convex portion thereof applies a biasing forceagainst wall 88 of mass member 30 to bias mass member 30 to theactivated position 96. Additionally, in response to the accelerationevent and movement of mass member 30 to the activated position 96, ends70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 are drawn out of respective seats 64 and 76.As best illustrated in FIG. 2A, in the activated position 96, adifferent portion of mass member 30 is located within and/or isotherwise visible in window 22 than when mass member 30 is in thenon-activated position 50. For example, in the non-activated position50, a medial portion of mass member 30 (e.g., medial surface portion 52(FIG. 1A)) is located within and/or is otherwise visible in window 22.However, in response to movement of mass member 30 to the activatedposition 96, a surface portion 98 located adjacent medial surfaceportion 52 is located within and/or is otherwise visible in window 22.As will be described further below, mass member 30 may contain, atdifferent locations thereon, different types and/or forms of indicia ona side thereof facing window 22 corresponding to the non-activated andactivated positions of mass member 30 within housing 12 to provide anindication as to whether indicator 10 has been subjected to a certainlevel or magnitude of acceleration event/impact.

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of FIG.2B of indicator 10, and FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an enlargedview of a portion of FIG. 3A of indicator 10. Referring to FIGS. 2B, 3Aand 3B, as described above, in response to an acceleration event indirection 16 of a level and/or magnitude to overcome the bias force ofspring members 40 and 42, leaf spring 56 inverts and a convex portionthereof applies a biasing force against wall 88 of mass member 30 tobias mass member 30 to the activated position 96. Additionally, ends 70and 82 of leaf spring 58 are drawn out of respective seats 64 and 76. Asbest illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, sidewalls 46 and 48 have formedtherein indent regions 102 and 104, respectively, that are set backand/or offset from adjacent wall surfaces 106, 108, 110 and 112 ofsidewalls 46 and 48, respectively. Indent region 102 is located alongsidewall 46 between seats 62 and 64, and indent regions 104 is locatedalong sidewall 48 between seats 74 and 76. In response to movement ofmass member 30 to the activated position 96, ends 70 and 82 of leafspring 58 are drawn out of respective seats 64 and 76 and becomepositioned within respective indent regions 102 and 104. Indent regions102 and 104 prevent or substantially prevent ends 70 and 82 of leafspring 58 from returning to respective seats 64 and 76. Thus, ifindicator 10 is subjected to another acceleration event in a directionopposite direction 16 (e.g., direction 18) in an attempt to reset and/orre-position mass member 30 in the non-activated position 50 after beingin an activated state, indent regions 102 and 104 resist the return ofends 70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 to seats 64 and 76, thereby resultingin an additional bias force in the direction 16 that would need to beovercome in an opposite direction to effectuate movement of mass member30 toward the non-activated position 50.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion ofindicator 10 with mass member 30 located in another activated position116 (e.g., on a side of housing 12 opposite activated position 96), andFIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion of FIG.4A. For clarity, referring to FIG. 1B, mass member 30 is depictedtherein in non-activated position 50. Activated positions 96 and 116 arereferenced in FIG. 1B to illustrate locations within housing 12 wheremass member 30 will be located when in activated positions 96 and 116.Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, if indicator 10 has been subjected to anacceleration event in direction 16 that caused mass member 30 to move toactivated position 96 (FIG. 2B) and thereafter is subjected to anotheracceleration event in direction 18 (e.g., an unauthorized attempt toreseat mass member 30 in the non-activated position 50 or in response tosome other impact event) of a level and/or magnitude to overcome theforce(s) applied by leaf springs 56 and 58, leaf springs 56 and 58 bothcollapse or invert and mass member 30 moves from activated position 96,past non-activated position 50, to the activated position 116. Forexample, in response to the acceleration event in direction 18 of alevel and/or magnitude to overcome the force(s) applied by leaf springs56 and 58, leaf springs 56 and 58 both collapse or invert such thatconvex portions thereof apply a biasing force against wall 90 of massmember 30 to bias mass member 30 to activated position 116.Additionally, ends 68 and 80 of leaf spring 56 are drawn out ofrespective seats 62 and 74 and become positioned within respectiveindent regions 102 and 104. Thus, in response to movement of mass member30 from activated position 96 to activated position 116, leaf springs 56and 58 are biased in a same direction (e.g., toward wall 90 of massmember 30) and ends 68, 70, 80 and 82 of respective leaf springs 56 and58 are located within indent regions 102 and 104, respectively, toprevent or substantially prevent leaf springs 56 and 58 to returning toseat 62, 64, 74 or 76, thereby further preventing or substantiallypreventing mass member 30 from returning (in a maintained durationalstate) to non-activated position 50 after being in an activated state.

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of indicator 10 inaccordance with the present disclosure, and FIG. 5B is a diagramillustrating an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5A of indicator 10.In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, sidewalls 46 and 48each have formed therein an additional spring seat 120 and 122,respectively. Seat 120 is located along sidewall 46 between seats 62 and64, and seat 122 is located along sidewall 48 between seats 74 and 76.Similar to seats 62, 64, 74 and 76, seats 120 and 122 comprise arecessed area along respective sidewalls 46 and 48 for receiving ends68/80 and 70/82 of respective leaf springs 56 and 58 in response toindicator 10 being subjected to an impact or acceleration event ofsufficient magnitude to cause movement of mass member 30 (e.g., asdescribed above in connection with FIGS. 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B). Forexample, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating indicator 10 shown in FIGS. 5Aand 5B with mass member 30 located in the activated position 96. Becauseleaf springs 56 and 58 are configured having a length greater than alateral width of the translation path for movement of mass member 30,the ends of leaf springs 56 and 58 will seek the widest lateraldimension between sidewalls 46 and 48 to relieve tension forces therein.Thus, for example, in response to indicator 10 being subjected to anacceleration event in direction 16 of a magnitude sufficient to overcomethe bias forces of leaf springs 56 and 58, mas member 30 will move fromnon-activated position 50 toward activated position 96, leaf spring 56will collapse and/or invert and apply a biasing force toward wall 88 ofmass member 30, and ends 70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 will be drawn outof respective seats 64 and 76 and become located in respective seats 120and 122. Seats 120 and 122 102 and 104 prevent or substantially preventends 70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 from returning to respective seats 64and 76. Thus, if indicator 10 is subjected to another acceleration eventin a direction opposite direction 16 (e.g., direction 18) in an attemptto reset and/or re-position mass member 30 in the non-activated position50 after being in an activated state, indent regions 102 and 104 resistthe return of ends 70 and 82 of leaf spring 58 to seats 64 and 76,thereby resulting in an additional bias force in the direction 16 thatwould need to be overcome in an opposite direction to effectuatemovement of mass member 30 toward the non-activated position 50.

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a portion ofindicator 10 of FIGS. 5A, 5B and 6 with mass member 30 located inactivated position 116, and FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating anenlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7A. If indicator 10 has beensubjected to an acceleration event in direction 16 that caused massmember 30 to move to activated position 96 (FIG. 6) and thereafter issubjected to another acceleration event in direction 18 (e.g., anunauthorized attempt to reseat mass member 30 in the non-activatedposition 50 or in response to some other impact event) of a level and/ormagnitude to overcome the force(s) applied by leaf springs 56 and 58,leaf springs 56 and 58 both collapse or invert and mass member 30 movesfrom activated position 96, past non-activated position 50, to theactivated position 116. For example, in response to the accelerationevent in direction 18 of a level and/or magnitude to overcome theforce(s) applied by leaf springs 56 and 58, leaf springs 56 and 58 bothcollapse or invert such that convex portions thereof apply a biasingforce against wall 90 of mass member 30 to bias mass member 30 toactivated position 116. Additionally, ends 68 and 80 of leaf spring 56are drawn out of respective seats 62 and 74 and become positioned withinrespective seats 120 and 122. Thus, in response to movement of massmember 30 from activated position 96 to activated position 116, leafsprings 56 and 58 are biased in a same direction (e.g., toward wall 90of mass member 30) and ends 68, 70, 80 and 82 of respective leaf springs56 and 58 are located within seats 120 and 122, respectively, to preventor substantially prevent leaf springs 56 and 58 to returning to seat 62,64, 74 or 76, thereby further preventing or substantially preventingmass member 30 from returning (in a maintained durational state) tonon-activated position 50 after being in an activated state.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram representing and illustrating an embodiment ofindicator 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.In some embodiments, impact indicator 10 may be affixed (permanently orremovably) to a printed circuit board and/or otherwise permanently orremovably connected to electronic circuitry (e.g., such as a removablecartridge) such that, in response to receipt and/or detection of anacceleration event or impact condition of a sufficient magnitude, impactindicator 10 provides an electronic switch closure or opener that maythereby provide an electronic signal/indication of such event. In FIG.8, indicator 10 includes a mechanical switching mechanism 79, switchcircuitry 81, and a wireless communications module 83 coupled to switchcircuitry 81. Mechanical switching mechanism 79 may be any mechanicaldevice used to cause a state change in switch circuitry 81. For example,in some embodiments, mechanism 79 may comprise mass member 30. In suchan embodiment (as will be described in greater detail below), movementof mass member 30 may cause a state change in switch circuitry 81 (e.g.,changing from an open circuit condition to a closed circuit condition,or vice versa). Switch circuitry 81 may comprise one or more switchelements, contacts, and or circuits that are responsive to movement ofmass member 30 (or other type of mechanical switching mechanism 79).Wireless communications module 83 is configured to wirelesslycommunicate information associated with a state of switch circuitry 81indicating the activation state of indicator 10 (e.g., based on an openor closed circuit state of circuitry 81). For example, in oneembodiment, wireless communications module 83 includes an RFID module84. In some embodiments, RFID module 84 comprises a passive RFID module84 (e.g., a passive RFID tag) having an RFID integrated circuit orcircuitry 86 (e.g., disposed on or as part of a printed circuit board)and a memory 87, along with an antenna 91. As a passive RFID module 84,indicator 10 does not contain a battery (e.g., power is supplied by anRFID reader 100). For example, when radio waves from reader 100 areencountered by module 84, antenna 91 forms a magnetic field, therebyproviding power to module 84 to energize circuit 86. Onceenergized/activated, module 84 may output/transmit information encodedin memory 87. However, it should be understood that, in someembodiments, RFID module 84 may comprise an active RFID module 84including a power source (e.g., a battery) that may be configured tocontinuously, intermittently, and/or according to programmed or eventtriggers, broadcast or transmit certain information. It should also beunderstood that wireless communications module 83 may be configured forother types of wireless communication types, modes, protocols, and/orformats (e.g., short-message services (SMS), wireless data using GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS)/3G/4G or through public internet via Wi-Fi,or locally with other radio-communication protocol standards such asWi-Fi, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® low energy (BLE), LoRA,NB-IoT, SigFox, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), orother prevalent technologies). As will be described further below,impact indicator 10 functions as a shock fuse such that, in response toreceipt of a particular level and/or magnitude of a shock/accelerationevent, an electrically conductive member either opens or closes anelectronic switch. This configuration enables impact indicator 10 to beused as a passive impact sensor/indicator that can be used as part of anelectronic signal or circuit. In some embodiments, the impact sensingcapabilities/functions of impact indicator 10 of the present disclosureneeds no power while in the monitoring state. When activated, impactindicator 10 completes or opens an electrical path of a circuit and thuscould be integrated into most any electronic monitoring system.

In the illustrated embodiment, memory 87 includes at least two differentstored and/or encoded values 92 and 94. For example, value 92 maycorrespond to a value outputted/transmitted by module 84 when switchcircuitry 81 is in an open circuit condition or state, and value 94 maycorrespond to a value outputted/transmitted by module 84 when switchcircuitry 81 is in a closed circuit condition or state. As an example,the value 94 may represent an RFID tag identification (ID) number nothaving an activated impact switch circuitry 81, and the RFID tag's IDnumber may have an additional character (e.g., “0”) placed at the endthereof. Value 92 may represent the RFID ID number having an activatedimpact switch circuitry 81, and the RFID tag's ID number may have anadditional character at the end thereof being different from theadditional character carried by value 94 (e.g., “1”). In the illustratedembodiment, RFID module 84 (e.g., circuitry 86) is coupled to switchcircuitry 81 and can detect whether switch circuitry 81 is in an open orclosed circuit condition or state. Thus, for example, switch circuitry81 may initially be in closed circuit condition or state. Thus, ifenergized/activated, module 84 would transmit value 94 to reader 100. Ifindicator were to be subject to an impact event, mechanism 79 may causea change in circuitry 81 that would result in circuitry 81 being in anopen circuit condition or state. Thus, if now energized/activated (e.g.,after the impact event), module 84 would instead transmit value 92 toreader 100. Thus, embodiments of the present invention enable indicator10 to monitor sensitive products/objects to which it is attached forpotential damage caused by shock using electronic indicators (e.g., RFIDreaders) while indicator 10 does not contain or require any internalpower source (e.g., a battery).

The present invention may include computer program instructions at anypossible technical detail level of integration (e.g., stored in acomputer readable storage medium (or media) (e.g., memory 87) forcausing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices (e.g.,communications module 83 and/or RFID module 84). Computer readableprogram instructions for carrying out operations of the presentinvention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture(ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependentinstructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data,configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code orobject code written in any combination of one or more programminglanguages. In some embodiments, electronic circuitry (e.g., circuitry86) including, for example, programmable logic circuitry,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays(PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions byutilizing state information of the computer readable programinstructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order toperform aspects of the present invention. Aspects of the presentinvention are described herein with reference to illustrations and/orblock diagrams of methods and/or apparatus according to embodiments ofthe invention. It will be understood that each block of theillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theillustrations and/or block diagrams, may represent a module, segment, orportion of code, can be implemented by computer readable programinstructions. These computer readable program instructions may beprovided to a processor or other programmable data processing apparatusto produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via theprocessor, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe illustrations and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computerreadable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readablestorage medium that can direct a computing device, a programmable dataprocessing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particularmanner, such that the computer readable storage medium havinginstructions stored therein comprises an article of manufactureincluding instructions which implement aspects of the function/actspecified in the illustrations and/or block diagram block or blocks.Switch circuitry 81, wireless communications module 83, and/or RFIDmodule 84 may be implemented in any suitable manner using knowntechniques that may be hardware-based, software-based, or somecombination of both. For example, switch circuitry 81, wirelesscommunications module 83, and/or RFID module 84 may comprise software,logic and/or executable code for performing various functions asdescribed herein (e.g., residing as software and/or an algorithm runningon a processor unit, hardware logic residing in a processor or othertype of logic chip, centralized in a single integrated circuit ordistributed among different chips in a data processing system). As willbe appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the presentdisclosure may be embodied as a system, method or computer programproduct. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may take theform of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment (includingfirmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodimentcombining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.”

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a perspective rear view of a portion ofan embodiment of indicator 10 in accordance with the present disclosure,FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a section view of indicator 10 of FIG.9 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention taken alongthe line 10-10 in FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating anenlarged view of a portion of indicator 10 depicted in FIG. 10. In theembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9-11, mechanical switching mechanism 79is formed by mass member 30 having affixed or secured thereto anelectrically conductive element 121. In some embodiments, mass member 30may be formed of a non-metallic or non-conductive material such thatconductive element 121 may be secured thereto (e.g., affixed by bonding,fasteners, etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, conductive element 121extends transversely across mass member 30 in a direction generallyorthogonal to the direction of movement of mass member 30 within housing12 (e.g., movement directions 16 and 18 depicted in FIG. 1B). Conductivemember 120 is configured to connect with and/or engage spaced apartcontacts 123 and 124 of switch circuitry 81 to cause circuitry 81 to bein either an open circuit condition or state (e.g., when conductiveelement 121 is disengaged from contacts 123 and 124) or a closed circuitcondition or state (e.g., when conductive element 121 is in engagementwith contacts 123 and 124). In the illustrated embodiment, conductiveelement 121 extends linearly across mass member 30 in the directiondescribed above; however, it should be understood that the direction,size, shape, etc., of element 121 may vary (e.g., based on the positionand/or locations of contacts 123 and 124). Contacts 123 and 124 compriseelectrically conductive pads or segments of circuitry 81. For example,circuitry 81 may comprise one or more electrically conductive wires,traces, pads, posts, and/or electronic components that are coupled toRFID module 84. In FIG. 9, RFID module 84 is omitted from view to betterillustrate mass member 30 with conductive element 121; however, itshould be understood that contacts 123 and 124 may be coupled to and/orotherwise form part of RFID module 84.

Thus, in operation, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9-11,circuitry 81 is initially in a closed circuit state when mass member 30is in the non-activated or initial pre-detection state/position 50 (FIG.1B (i.e., prior to being subjected to an acceleration event)). Thus, ifRFID module 84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100 while massmember 30 is in the non-activated or initial pre-detection state 50(i.e., prior to being subjected to an acceleration event), RFID module84 would detect the closed circuit condition of circuitry 81 and outputor transmit value 94. Responsive to indicator 10 being subjected to animpact or acceleration event of a magnitude sufficient to cause movementof mass member 30 from the initial non-activated position 50 to anactivated position (e.g., position 96 or 116 (FIGS. 2B and 7A)), thestate of circuitry 81 would change from being in a closed circuitcondition to being in an open circuit condition because conductiveelement 121 would have moved away and become disengaged from contacts123 and 124. Thus, responsive to movement of mass member 30 from theinitial non-activated position 50 to an activated position 96 or 116, ifRFID module 84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100, RFID module84 would detect the open circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output ortransmit value 92 instead of value 94. Thus, a change in the switchcircuitry 81 state causes a change in a value output by RFID module 84when activated.

Additionally, embodiments of impact indicator 10 provide anon-reversible indication of impact activation. For example, asdescribed above in connection with FIG. 4A, once mass member 30 leavesthe non-activated or pre-activated position 50 in response to an impactevent, mass member 30 would remain in either position 96 or 116 (e.g.,due to leaf springs 56 and 58), thereby resulting in circuitry 81remaining in an open state condition and RFID module 84 transmittingvalue 92 when energized.

In the above description and illustrated embodiment of FIG. 9-11,circuitry 81 is in a closed circuit condition when mass member 30 is inthe non-activated or pre-activated position 50. However, it should beunderstood that indicator 10 may be alternately configured such thatcircuitry 81 is instead in an open circuit condition when mass member 30is in the non-activated or pre-activated position 50, and circuitry 81is in a closed circuit condition when mass member is in position 96 or116 (e.g., by placing a pair of contacts 123 and 124 near each ofpositions 96 and 116 (instead of near position 50) which would engageconductive element 121 when mass member 30 is in respective positions 96or 116). Alternatively, mass member 30 could have multiple spaced apartconductive elements 121 (e.g., one near an upper portion of mass member30 and one near a lower portion of mass member 30) such that movement ofmass member 30 into position 96 or 116 would cause a respectiveconductive element 121 to come into engagement with contacts 123 and 124located near position 50 (e.g., the lower conductive element 121engaging contacts 123 and 124 located near position 50 when mass memberis in position 96, and vice versa for when mass member 30 is in position116). Thus, it should be understood that the placement of conductiveelement 121 and/or contacts 123 and 124 may vary while enabling RFIDmodule 84 to transmit different values based on whether circuitry 81 isin an open or closed circuit state (based on whether indicator has beensubjected to an impact event).

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of indicator 10 inaccordance with the present disclosure, FIG. 13 is a diagramillustrating a bottom view of indicator 10 of FIG. 12 in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention taken along the line 13-13 inFIG. 12, and FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a side view of indicator10 depicted in FIG. 12 taken along the line 14-14 of FIG. 12. In FIGS.12-14, most elements of indicator 10 (e.g., those depicted and describedin connection with FIGS. 1-7) have been omitted for clarity and ease ofdescription; however, it should be understood that indicator 10 may besimilarly configured as depicted and described in connection with FIGS.1-7. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12-14, another embodiment ofswitching mechanism 79, circuitry 81, and RFID module 84 coupled toswitch circuitry 81 are depicted. In the illustrated embodiment,switching mechanism 79 is formed by mass member 30 (e.g., withoutconductive element 121 (FIGS. 9-11)). For ease of description andclarity, mass member 30 is not depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14. Switchcircuitry 81 includes conductive switch elements 130 and 132, andconductive contacts 140, 142, 144, and 146. Switch elements 130 and 132are located generally in or near respective positions 96 and 116 suchthat as mass member 30 moves into position 96 or 116 from position 50,mass member 30 contacts or otherwise engages respective switch element130 or 132. In the illustrated embodiment, switch element 130 is fixedlycoupled to contact 140, and switch element 132 is fixedly coupled tocontact 146. Switch elements 130 and 132, and contacts 140, 142, 144,and 146, may comprise conductive wires, pins, posts, pads, traces, etc.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12-14, switch element 130includes contiguous switch element segments 150, 152, and 154 wheresegment 150 is fixedly coupled to contact 140. Switch element 130comprises a flexible switch element 130 such that segments 150, 152, and154 are movable in angular relationship relative to each other, andsegment 150 may bend/rotate relative to and/or with contact 140.Similarly, switch element 132 includes contiguous switch elementsegments 156, 158, and 160 where segment 156 is fixedly coupled tocontact 146. Switch element 132 also comprises a flexible switch element132 such that segments 156, 158, and 160 are movable in angularrelationship relative to each other, and segment 156 may bend/rotaterelative to and/or with contact 146. In the illustrated embodiment,switch elements 130 and 132 include non-linear switch element segments150, 152, 154, 156, 158, and 160, respectively. For example, in theillustrated embodiment, switch elements 130 and 132 are formed having agenerally Z-shaped configuration (e.g., when viewed from a positionorthogonal to a plane of movement of switch elements 130 and 132);however, it should be understood that elements 130 and 132 may beotherwise configured.

As best depicted in FIG. 12, circuitry 81 is initially in an opencircuit state when mass member 30 is in the non-activated or initialpre-detection state/position 50 (i.e., prior to being subjected to anacceleration event). For example, in this embodiment, in thenon-activated or initial pre-detection state/position 50 of mass member30, segments 154 and 160 are each spaced apart from and/or indisengagement with respective contacts 142 and 144. Thus, if RFID module84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100 while mass member 30 isin the non-activated or initial pre-detection state 50 (i.e., prior tobeing subjected to an acceleration event), RFID module 84 would detectthe open circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output or transmit value92. Responsive to indicator 10 being subjected to an impact oracceleration event of a magnitude sufficient to cause movement of massmember 30 from the initial non-activated position 50 to an activatedposition (e.g., position 96 or 116), the state of circuitry 81 wouldchange from being in an open circuit condition to a closed circuitcondition because the movement of mass member 30 would result in massmember 30 contacting a respective switch element 130 or 132 and causethe respective switch element 130 or 132 to come in contact with and/orengage respective contact 142 or 144, thereby closing a respectivecircuit. Thus, responsive to movement of mass member 30 from the initialnon-activated position 50 to an activated position 96 or 116, if RFIDmodule 84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100, RFID module 84would detect the closed circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output ortransmit value 94 instead of value 92. Thus, a change in the switchcircuitry 81 state causes a change in a value output by RFID module 84when activated.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12-14, each switch element 130and 132 may be part of and/or otherwise form a different, separatecircuit (circuit 162 and 164, respectively) such that RFID module 84 candetect whether either circuit 162 or 164 is in an open or closed circuitcondition. For example, if indicator 10 has been subjected to an impactevent causing mass member 30 to move from position 50 to position 96,circuit 164 would remain in an open circuit condition, while circuit 162would have gone from an open circuit condition to a closed circuitcondition. RFID module 84 may be configured to function similar to adigital logic OR gate such that a closed value 94 is output if one orboth circuits 162 and 164 are in a closed circuit condition. In theembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12-14, switch circuitry 81 is in an opencircuit condition when mass member 30 is in the non-activated or initialpre-detection state/position 50 (i.e., prior to being subjected to anacceleration event). However, it should be understood that indicator 10may be otherwise configured (e.g., where circuits 162 and 164 wouldinitially be in a closed circuit condition (e.g., switch elements 130and 132 each in engagement with respective contacts 142 and 144 wheremovement of mass member into position 96 or 116 causes mass member 30 todisengage a respective switch element 130 or 132 from respectivecontacts 142 or 144.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating a portion of indicator 10depicted in FIGS. 12-14. In FIGS. 15A and 15B, only switch element 132is depicted; however, it should be understood that the operation and/orfunction of switch element 130 is similar to that hereinafter describedin connection with switch element 132. In FIG. 15A, indicator 10 hasbeen subjected to an impact event such that mass member 30 has moved inthe direction 170 into position 116 such that the movement of massmember 30 towards position 116 has caused mass member 30 to contactswitch element 132, thereby causing switch element segment 160 to engagecontact 144 to place circuit 164 from an open circuit condition into aclosed circuit condition. In FIG. 15B, in response to indicator 10 beingsubjected to another impact event causing mass member 30 to move indirection 172 away from position 116, although mass member 30 hasdisengaged from switch element 132 (i.e., mass member 30 is no longercontacting or applying a force to switch element 132), switch element132 remains in engagement with contact 144 such that circuit 164 remainsin a closed circuit condition. In this embodiment, switch element 132comprises a flexible and/or deformable switch element 132 such that aforce applied to switch element 132 by mass member 30 causes switchelement 132 to compress within the space directly between contacts 144and 146, thereby resulting in switch element 132 being maintained in acompressed state between contacts 144 and 146. Being in a compressedstate, switch element 132 continues to apply a force to contact 144,thereby maintaining circuit 164 in a closed circuit state after massmember 30 has moved away from position 116 (or away from contactingswitch element 132). Thus, embodiments of the present invention providean irreversible indication of impact activation by maintaining circuit164 in a closed circuit state once circuit 164 has gone from an opencircuit state to a closed circuit state. In the above description,circuit 164 is initially in an open circuit condition and then becomes aclosed circuit in response to movement of mass member 30 against switchelement 132. However, it should be understood that the open/closedcircuit condition or operation could be reversed (e.g., initially in aclosed circuit condition where switch element 132 is in engagement withcontact 144 where movement of mass member 30 against switch element 132causes switch element 132 to disengage from contact 144). In thisalternate embodiment, another contact or the configuration of switchelement 132 may cause circuit 164 to remain in an open circuit stateeven after mass member 30 moves away from position 116.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of impact indicator10 in accordance with the present disclosure, FIG. 17 is a diagramillustrating a bottom view of impact indicator 10 of FIG. 16 inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure viewed from theline 17-17 in FIG. 16, and FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a sectionview of impact indicator 10 depicted in FIG. 16 in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure taken along the line 18-18 of FIG.16. In FIGS. 16-18, most elements of indicator 10 (e.g., those depictedand described in connection with FIGS. 1-7) have been omitted forclarity and ease of description; however, it should be understood thatindicator 10 may be similarly configured as depicted and described inconnection with FIGS. 1-7. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 16-18,another embodiment of switching mechanism 79, circuitry 81, and RFIDmodule 84 coupled to switch circuitry 81 are depicted. In theillustrated embodiment, switching mechanism 79 is formed by mass member30 (e.g., without conductive element 121 (FIGS. 9-11)). For ease ofdescription and clarity, mass member 30 is not depicted in FIGS. 17 and18. Switch circuitry 81 includes conductive switch elements 170 and 172,and conductive contacts 180, 182, 184, and 186. Switch elements 170 and172 are located generally in or near respective positions 96 and 116such that as mass member 30 moves into position 96 or 116 from position50, mass member 30 contacts or otherwise engages respective switchelement 170 or 172. In the illustrated embodiment, switch element 170 isfixedly coupled to contact 180, and switch element 172 is fixedlycoupled to contact 186. Switch elements 170 and 172, and contacts 180,182, 184, and 186, may comprise conductive wires, pins, posts, pads,traces, etc.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 16-18, switch elements 170 and172 are arcuately shaped (e.g., when viewed from a position orthogonalto a plane of movement of switch elements 170 and 172) having a convexportion thereof disposed toward mass member 30. In some embodiments,switch elements 170 and 172 comprise flexible switch elements 170 and172 such that switch elements 170 and 172 may bend/rotate relative toand/or with respective contacts 180 and 186. In the illustratedembodiment (as best illustrated in FIG. 18 relative to contact 182),contacts 182 and 184 are disposed at an angle and/or incline toward massmember 30 (e.g., toward respective switch elements 170 and 172) suchthat contacts 182 and 184 are disposed at an acute angle relative to aplane of movement of mass member 30 (and respective switch elements 170and 172). Although FIG. 18 only depicts contacts 182 and 186 (due to thelocation of the section view), it should be understood that contacts 184and 180 are similarly configured (e.g., contact 184 disposed at an acuteangle toward mass member 30/switch element 172).

As best illustrated in FIG. 17, switch element 172 extends towardcontact 184 and bends downwardly near a distal end thereof (e.g., towarda plane parallel to a plane of movement of mass member 30/switch element172 but closer to a base attachment location of contact 184). Forexample, in the illustrated embodiment, switch element 172 includescontiguous switch element segments 190, 192, and 194. Segment 190 isfixedly coupled to contact 186 at a proximal end thereof and extends ina direction generally toward contact 184. As segment 190 approaches alocation of contact 184 (e.g., prior to reaching contact 184), segment190 transitions to segment 192 (e.g., an approximate right angle) wheresegment 192 extends in a direction toward module 84 (i.e., in adirection toward a base of contact 184). Segment 192, prior to reachingmodule 84, transitions to segment 194 which extends in a directionsimilar to segment 190 (e.g., an approximate right angle to segment192). It should be understood that switch element 170 is similarlyconfigured (e.g., bending downwardly near a distal end thereof).

In operation, as best depicted in FIG. 16, circuitry 81 is initially inan open circuit state when mass member 30 is in the non-activated orinitial pre-detection state/position 50 (i.e., prior to being subjectedto an acceleration event). For example, in this embodiment, in thenon-activated or initial pre-detection state/position 50 of mass member30, switch elements 170 and 172 are each spaced apart from and/or indisengagement with respective contacts 182 and 184. Thus, if RFID module84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100 while mass member 30 isin the non-activated or initial pre-detection state 50 (i.e., prior tobeing subjected to an acceleration event), RFID module 84 would detectthe open circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output or transmit value92. Responsive to indicator 10 being subjected to an impact oracceleration event of a magnitude sufficient to cause movement of massmember 30 from the initial non-activated position 50 to an activatedposition (e.g., position 96 or 116), the state of circuitry 81 wouldchange from being in an open circuit condition to a closed circuitcondition because the movement of mass member 30 would result in massmember 30 contacting a respective switch element 170 or 172 and causethe respective switch element 170 or 172 to come in contact with and/orengage respective contact 182 or 184, thereby closing a respectivecircuit. Thus, responsive to movement of mass member 30 from the initialnon-activated position 50 to an activated position 96 or 116, if RFIDmodule 84 is activated or energized by RFID reader 100, RFID module 84would detect the closed circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output ortransmit value 94 instead of value 92. Thus, a change in the switchcircuitry 81 state causes a change in a value output by RFID module 84when activated.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 16-18, distal ends of switchelements 170 and 172 and angled downwardly toward a base of respectivecontacts 182 and 184, and contacts 182 and 184 are disposed at an acuteangle toward respective switch elements 170 and 172, to reduce alikelihood of switch elements 170 and 172 from riding up and over arespective contact 182 and 184 (e.g., response to movement of massmember 30). As described above in connection with FIGS. 12-14, eachswitch element 170 and 172 may be part of and/or otherwise form adifferent, separate circuit (e.g., circuit 162 and 164, respectively)such that RFID module 84 can detect whether either circuit 162 or 164 isin an open or closed circuit condition. For example, if indicator 10 hasbeen subjected to an impact event causing mass member 30 to move fromposition 50 to position 96, circuit 164 would remain in an open circuitcondition, while circuit 162 would have gone from an open circuitcondition to a closed circuit condition. RFID module 84 may beconfigured to function similar to a digital logic OR gate such that aclosed value 94 is output if one or both circuits 162 and 164 are in aclosed circuit condition. Further, embodiments of indicator 10 providean irreversible indication of activation. For example, as describedfurther in connection with FIGS. 1-7, once indicator 10 has been subjectto an impact condition of a sufficient magnitude to move mass memberaway from position 50, spring members 40 and 42 maintain mass member 30in either position 96 or 116, thereby maintaining switch elements 170and/or 172 in engagement with respective contacts 182 and 184.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of impact indicator10 in accordance with the present disclosure. In the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 19, indicator 10 is configured similarly to asdepicted and described in connection with FIGS. 16-18 except instead ofa single switch element 170 and 172, a plurality of distinct switchelements 170 and 172 are coupled to respective contacts 180 and 186. Forexample, in the illustrated embodiment, three switch elements 170 (e.g.,switch elements 170 ₁, 170 ₂, and 170 ₃) are coupled to contact 180, andthree switch elements 172 (e.g., switch elements 172 ₁, 172 ₂, and 172₃) are coupled to contact 186. It should be understood that a greater orfewer quantity of switch elements 170 and 172 may be used. In theillustrated embodiment, multiple switch elements 170 and 172 are used toincrease the likelihood of initiating a circuit state change (e.g.,triggering a closed circuit condition from an open circuit condition, orvice versa). For example, using multiple switch elements 170 and 172increases the likelihood of a circuit state change should one or moreswitch elements 170 and 172 fail or fail to engage respective contacts182 and 184.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of impact indicator10 in accordance with the present disclosure. In FIG. 20, most elementsof indicator 10 (e.g., those depicted and described in connection withFIGS. 1-7) have been omitted for clarity and ease of description;however, it should be understood that indicator 10 may be similarlyconfigured as depicted and described in connection with FIGS. 1-7. Inthe embodiment illustrated in FIG. 20, another embodiment of switchingmechanism 79, circuitry 81, and RFID module 84 coupled to switchcircuitry 81 are depicted. In the illustrated embodiment, switchingmechanism 79 is formed by mass member 30 (e.g., without conductiveelement 121 (FIGS. 9-11)). Impact indicator 10 of FIG. 20 is configuredsimilar to as that depicted and described in connection with FIGS. 12-14except switch circuitry 81 includes conductive switch elements 200 and202. Switch elements 200 and 202 are located generally in or nearrespective positions 96 and 116 such that as mass member 30 moves intoposition 96 or 116 from position 50, mass member 30 contacts orotherwise engages respective switch element 200 or 202. In theillustrated embodiment, switch element 200 is fixedly coupled to contact140, and switch element 202 is fixedly coupled to contact 146.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 20, switch element 200 includescontiguous switch element segments 210, 212, 214, and 216 where segment210 is fixedly coupled to contact 140. Switch element 200 comprises aflexible switch element 200 such that one or more of segments 210, 212,214, and 216 are movable in angular relationship relative to each other,and segment 210 may bend/rotate relative to and/or with contact 140.Similarly, switch element 202 includes contiguous switch elementsegments 220, 222, 224, and 226 where segment 220 is fixedly coupled tocontact 146. Switch element 202 also comprises a flexible switch element202 such that one or more of segments 220, 222, 224, and 226 are movablein angular relationship relative to each other, and segment 220 maybend/rotate relative to and/or with contact 146. In the illustratedembodiment, switch elements 200 and 202 include non-linear switchelement segments 210, 212, 214, 216, 220, 222, 224, and 226,respectively. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, switchelements 200 and 202 are formed having a generally modified Z-shapedconfiguration (e.g., when viewed from a position orthogonal to a planeof movement of switch elements 200 and 202); however, it should beunderstood that elements 200 and 202 may be otherwise configured.

In the illustrated embodiment, segment 210 extends from contact 140toward mass member 30 and transitions to segment 212 such that segment212 is in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction ofmovement of mass member 30 (i.e., in an initial state/position). Segment212 transitions to segment 214 such that segments 214 and 216 form anacute angle relative to each other (e.g., an open-sided acute triangle)in a spring-like configuration such that segment 216 extends in adirection toward mass member 30 at an acute angle relative to segment214 (e.g., with the open-side of the acute triangle facing mass member30). Segments 214 and 216 form a compressible spring at a distal end ofswitch element 200. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 20, switchelement 202 (and segments 220, 222, 224, and 226) are configuredsimilarly to as that described in connection with switch element 200.

In the illustrated embodiment, switch elements 200 and 202 have aZ-shaped configuration with a profile or maximum width less than thatdepicted in FIGS. 12-14 (e.g., relative to switch elements 130 and 132).In FIG. 20, circuitry 81 is initially in an open circuit state when massmember 30 is in the non-activated or initial pre-detectionstate/position 50 (i.e., prior to being subjected to an accelerationevent). For example, in this embodiment, in the non-activated or initialpre-detection state/position 50 of mass member 30, segments 216 and 226are each spaced apart from and/or in disengagement with respectivecontacts 142 and 144. Thus, if RFID module 84 is activated or energizedby RFID reader 100 while mass member 30 is in the non-activated orinitial pre-detection state 50 (i.e., prior to being subjected to anacceleration event), RFID module 84 would detect the open circuitcondition of circuitry 81 and output or transmit value 92. Responsive toindicator 10 being subjected to an impact or acceleration event of amagnitude sufficient to cause movement of mass member 30 from theinitial non-activated position 50 to an activated position (e.g.,position 96 or 116), the state of circuitry 81 would change from beingin an open circuit condition to a closed circuit condition because themovement of mass member 30 would result in mass member 30 contacting arespective switch element 200 or 202 and cause the respective switchelement 200 or 202 to come in contact with and/or engage respectivecontact 142 or 144, thereby closing a respective circuit. Thus,responsive to movement of mass member 30 from the initial non-activatedposition 50 to an activated position 96 or 116, if RFID module 84 isactivated or energized by RFID reader 100, RFID module 84 would detectthe closed circuit condition of circuitry 81 and output or transmitvalue 94 instead of value 92. Thus, a change in the switch circuitry 81state causes a change in a value output by RFID module 84 whenactivated.

As described above in connection with FIGS. 12-14, each switch element200 and 202 may be part of and/or otherwise form a different, separatecircuit (circuit 162 and 164, respectively) such that RFID module 84 candetect whether either circuit 162 or 164 is in an open or closed circuitcondition. Similar to as described and depicted in connection with FIGS.15A and 15B, although mass member 30 may disengaged from switch element200 or 202 (i.e., mass member 30 is no longer contacting or applying aforce to switch element 200 or 202), switch element 200 and/or 202remains in engagement with respective contacts 142 and 144 such thatcircuit 162 and/or 164 remains in a closed circuit condition. In thisembodiment, switch elements 200 and 202 comprise a flexible and/ordeformable switch element 200 and 202 such that a force applied toswitch element 200 and/or 202 by mass member 30 causes switch element200 and/or 202 to compress within the space directly between contacts144 and 146 (e.g., at least respective segments 214/216 and 224/226,thereby resulting in segments 214/216 and 224/226 being maintained in acompressed state against respective contacts 142 and 144. Being in acompressed state, switch elements 200 and 202 continues to apply a forceto respective contacts 142 and 144, thereby maintaining circuit 162 or164 in a closed circuit state after mass member 30 has moved away fromposition 96 or 116 (or away from contacting switch element 200 or 202).Thus, embodiments of the present invention provide an irreversibleindication of impact activation by maintaining circuit 162 or 164 in aclosed circuit state once circuit 162 or 164 has gone from an opencircuit state to a closed circuit state. In the above description,circuits 162 and 164 are initially in an open circuit condition and thenbecome a closed circuit in response to movement of mass member 30against switch elements 200 or 202. However, it should be understoodthat the open/closed circuit condition or operation could be reversed(e.g., initially in a closed circuit condition where switch element 200is in engagement with contact 142 where movement of mass member 30against switch element 200 causes switch element 200 to disengage fromcontact 142). In this alternate embodiment, another contact or theconfiguration of switch element 200 may cause circuit 162 to remain inan open circuit state even after mass member 30 moves away from position96.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a portion of impact indicator 10depicted in FIG. 20 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In FIG. 21, only switch element 202 is depicted; however, itshould be understood that the operation and/or function of switchelement 200 is similar to that hereinafter described in connection withswitch element 202. In FIG. 21, indicator 10 has been subjected to afirst impact event such that mass member 30 has initially moved intoposition 116 such that the movement of mass member 30 towards position116 has caused mass member 30 to contact switch element 202, therebycausing switch element segment 226 to engage contact 144 to placecircuit 164 from an open circuit condition into a closed circuitcondition. In FIG. 21, in response to indicator 10 being subjected toanother impact event causing mass member 30 to move in direction 172away from position 116, although mass member 30 has disengaged fromswitch element 202 (i.e., mass member 30 is no longer contacting orapplying a force to switch element 202), switch element 202 remains inengagement with contact 144 such that circuit 164 remains in a closedcircuit condition. In this embodiment, switch element 202 comprises aflexible and/or deformable switch element 202 such that a force appliedto switch element 202 by mass member 30 causes switch element 202 tocompress and/or deflect within the space directly between contacts 144and 146, thereby resulting in switch element 202 being maintained in acompressed state between contacts 144 and 146. Being in a compressedstate, switch element 202 continues to apply a force to contact 144,thereby maintaining circuit 164 in a closed circuit state after massmember 30 has moved away from position 116 (or away from contactingswitch element 202). For example, segments 224 and 226 form a compressedleaf spring biased against contact 144 to maintain switch element 202 inengagement with contact 144. Thus, embodiments of the present inventionprovide an irreversible indication of impact activation by maintainingcircuit 164 in a closed circuit state once circuit 164 has gone from anopen circuit state to a closed circuit state. In the above description,circuit 164 is initially in an open circuit condition and then becomes aclosed circuit in response to movement of mass member 30 against switchelement 202. However, it should be understood that the open/closedcircuit condition or operation could be reversed (e.g., initially in aclosed circuit condition where switch element 202 is in engagement withcontact 144 where movement of mass member 30 against switch element 202causes switch element 202 to disengage from contact 144). In thisalternate embodiment, another contact or the configuration of switchelement 202 may cause circuit 164 to remain in an open circuit stateeven after mass member 30 moves away from position 116.

Referring to FIG. 8, in some embodiments, impact indicator 10 includes asecurity module 450. Security module 450 performs various securityfunctions associated with environmental data emitted by indicator 10(e.g., related to values 92 and 94). For example, in some embodiments,security module 450 may perform various hashing and/or cryptographicfunctions to create a blockchain of data. For example, in someembodiments, security module 450 may create an initial piece ofblockchain data (e.g., using a unique identifier (ID) of indicator 10(e.g., a serial number), a unique identifier assigned to or otherwiseassociated with an object to which indicator 10 is associated,manufacturer/provider information of indicator 10 and/or the object towhich indicator 10 is associated, etc.) and digitally sign the initialpiece of blockchain data with a private key. The initial piece ofblockchain data may be stored locally on indicator 10 (e.g., in memory87 as local blockchain data 454) and/or communicated/stored remotely(e.g., by a remote server usable as a shared ledger). In someembodiments, each time RFID circuit 86 is energized/read, the currentvalue to be emitted by indicator 10 (e.g., either value 92 or value 94depending on the open or closed state of switch circuitry 81) may beadded to the blockchain. For example, upon being energized by RFIDreader 100, a hash of the initial blockchain data may be added to thecurrent value 92 or 94 to create a second piece of blockchain data(which may also include a timestamp obtained locally or from a remotesource, such as RFID reader 100). The second piece of blockchain datamay be digitally signed and be stored locally (e.g., as additional localblockchain data 454) and emitted to RFID reader 100. The current pieceof blockchain data may be verified (e.g., at an application server,other remote locations, or by reader 100 after being received by reader100) using a public key (e.g., of the manufacturer or provider ofindicator 10) and/or verified with prior pieces of blockchain data. Ifany block in the blockchain is not valid, an error message may begenerated indicating the invalid block. In some embodiments, thetransmitted data may be encrypted (e.g., before blockchaining, afterblockchaining, etc.) such that a receiver of the data decrypts theencrypted information with a corresponding key.

In some embodiments, memory 87 may have stored therein a series or tableof unique data values/entries such that the first entry may be used tocreate the initial piece of blockchain data. Thereafter, each time RFIDcircuit 86 is energized/read, the current value to be emitted byindicator 10 (e.g., either value 92 or value 94 depending on the open orclosed state of switch circuitry 81) may be added to the blockchainalong with the next sequential data value/entry from the table. Thisprocess may be repeated each time RFID circuit 86 is energized/read, andthe cycle may repeat with the first entry in the table after using thelast entry in the table. As an example, consider that value 92 isrepresented as “0” and value 94 is represented as “1.” Also, consider atable having values/entries sequentially as “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” and “E”.The initial piece of blockchain data may be “A.” Upon a next energizingor reading of indicator 10 (e.g., by reader 100), and presuming thatswitch circuitry 82 is in an open state or condition (i.e., value 92would be output by RFID module 84), the next piece of blockchain datamay include a hash of “A” along with the value “B0.” Correspondingly,the next piece of blockchain data (presuming now that switch circuitry82 is in a closed state or condition (i.e., value 94 would be output byRFID module 84)) may be a hash of the previous piece of blockchain data(i.e., the hash of “A” along with the values “B0”) along with the value“C1.” Upon using the last entry in the table, the process may return tousing the first entry again and following sequentially again through thetable.

In the illustrated embodiment, security module 450 is depicted as partof wireless communications module 83. However, it should be understoodthat security module 450 may instead be a standalone module/circuitseparate and apart from communications module 83 (e.g., having or beingcommunicatively coupled to a separate processor unit and/or memory,along with a separate power source). In some embodiments, indicator 10may include a semi-passive RFID tag that uses a battery to run thechip's circuitry (e.g., including operations associated with module450), but communicates by drawing power from reader 100. Thus, securitymodule 450 may be implemented in any suitable manner using knowntechniques that may be hardware-based, software-based, or somecombination of both. For example, security module 450 may comprisesoftware, logic and/or executable code for performing various functionsas described herein (e.g., residing as software and/or an algorithmrunning on a processor unit, hardware logic residing in a processor orother type of logic chip, centralized in a single integrated circuit ordistributed among different chips in a data processing system).

Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure enable impact and/oracceleration event detection using an impact indicator having a smallfootprint using a mechanical shock monitoring device with a passive RFIDtag that gives a different reading depending upon the status of theimpact switch circuitry. Because the RFID tag is passive, the impactindicator does not need a battery or other external power source.However, some embodiments of the present disclosure may include anonboard power source. Further, the configuration of the impact indictorenables the impact indicator to be irreversible once activated (orsubjected to a sufficient magnitude of impact event). Additionally, theimpact indicator of the present disclosure may be configured with asingle or multiple indication mechanisms (e.g., with window 22 whereindicator 10 provides a visual indication of activation, with acombination of window 22 and with an RFID transmitted value indicatingthe activation status, or with an RFID transmitted value without window22). Further, the impact indicator is also configured to blockchain,encrypt, and/or digitally sign data output by the indicator to providevarious levels of data security and prevent unauthorized data tamperingor manipulation.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the disclosure and the practical application, and toenable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosurefor various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. An impact indicator, comprising: a housingenclosing a detection assembly, the detection assembly configured todetect an acceleration event; a module configured to output dataindicative of an activation state of the detection assembly; and logicconfigured to blockchain the data output by the module.
 2. The impactindicator of claim 1, wherein the module comprises a radio-frequencyidentification (RFID) module.
 3. The impact indicator of claim 1,wherein the logic is configured to encrypt the data output by themodule.
 4. The impact indicator of claim 1, wherein the logic isconfigured to digitally sign the data.
 5. The impact indicator of claim1, wherein the module comprises an RFID module, and wherein the logic isconfigured to create a piece of blockchain data each time the RFIDmodule is energized.
 6. The impact indicator of claim 1, wherein thelogic is configured to create a piece of blockchain data based on aunique identifier assigned to the indicator.
 7. The impact indicator ofclaim 1, wherein the logic is configured to create a piece of blockchaindata based on an identifier associated with an object to which theimpact indicator is associated.
 8. An impact indicator, comprising: ahousing enclosing a detection assembly, the detection assemblyconfigured to detect an acceleration event; a module configured tooutput data indicative of an activation state of the detection assembly;and logic configured to encrypt the data output by the module.
 9. Theimpact indicator of claim 8, wherein the logic is configured totimestamp the data.
 10. The impact indicator of claim 9, wherein thelogic is configured to create a piece of blockchain data using a uniqueidentifier.
 11. The impact indicator of claim 9, wherein the logic isconfigured to create a piece of blockchain data based on a uniqueidentifier assigned to the indicator.
 12. The impact indicator of claim8, wherein the logic is configured to digitally sign the data output bythe indicator.
 13. An impact indicator, comprising: a housing enclosinga detection assembly configured to detect an acceleration event; switchcircuitry; a radio-frequency identification (RFID) module coupled to theswitch circuitry, wherein responsive to detecting the accelerationevent, the detection assembly causes a change in the switch circuitry,and wherein the RFID module is configured to output data based on astate of the switch circuitry to indicate detection of the accelerationevent; and logic configured to blockchain the data output by theindicator.
 14. The impact indicator of claim 13, wherein the RFID modulecomprises a passive RFID module.
 15. The impact indicator of claim 13,wherein the logic is configured to create a piece of blockchain datausing a unique identifier.
 16. The impact indicator of claim 13, whereinthe logic is configured to create a piece of blockchain data based on aunique identifier assigned to the indicator.
 17. The impact indicator ofclaim 13, wherein the logic is configured to create a piece ofblockchain data based on a unique identifier assigned to an object towhich the indicator is secured.
 18. The impact indicator of claim 13,wherein the logic is configured to create successive pieces ofblockchain data by sequentially selecting entries from a table.
 19. Theimpact indicator of claim 13, wherein the logic is configured todigitally sign the blockchain data.
 20. The impact indicator of claim13, wherein the logic is configured to encrypt the blockchain data.